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High levels of fructose can damage liver
      06/15/12 03:15 PM
HeatherAdministrator

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Ask Dr. K: High levels of fructose can damage liver

Anthony Komaroff

Q I hear that fructose and high-fructose corn syrup are bad for my health. Is fructose worse than other sugars?

A Short answer, yes. I'm not an expert on sugar metabolism, but I'll tell you what the experts at Harvard Medical School say. Fructose and glucose are the most abundant sugars in our diet. Such sugars are a source of energy for our cells.

In the early 1900s, the average American took in only about 15 grams of fructose, also called fruit sugar, a day. Most of it came from eating fruits and vegetables. Today we average four or five times that amount. And almost all of it comes from sweetened foods and beverages such as breakfast cereals, sodas and fruit drinks.

Human beings have been on Earth for tens of thousands of years and our bodies got used to a certain diet. In the last 100 years, our bodies have been exposed to much higher levels of fructose. Common sense might say that such a sudden and significant dietary change might be hard for the body to adjust to. And yes, there is considerable evidence that today's high levels of fructose are harmful.

Virtually every cell in the body can break down glucose for energy. In contrast, about the only cells that can get energy directly from fructose are liver cells. What the liver does with fructose, especially when high levels enter it, has potentially dangerous consequences for our health.

When fructose enters the liver, it goes through changes. One such change is that the liver uses fructose, a carbohydrate, to create fat. Give the liver enough fructose, and tiny fat droplets accumulate in liver cells. This buildup is called nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. It looks like what happens in the livers of people who drink too much alcohol.

The breakdown of fructose in the liver also elevates triglycerides; increases LDL (bad) cholesterol; promotes the buildup of fat around organs; increases blood pressure; and makes tissues insulin-resistant, a precursor to diabetes. None of these changes are good for the arteries and the heart.

There is evidence that people who have more fructose in their diets have higher rates of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, diabetes and heart disease. However, fructose has not been proven to be a cause of these conditions.

Still, it's worth cutting back. But don't do it by giving up fruit. Fruit is good for you. It's only a minor source of fructose for most people. Instead, cut back on refined sugar and high-fructose corn syrup. For starters that means limiting sugar-sweetened drinks, pastries and breakfast cereals.

http://www.goerie.com/article/20120530/LIFESTYLES06/305309984/Ask-Dr-K%3A-High-levels-of-fructose-can-damage-liver



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