There are some 25 gi functional disorders.
Functional dyspepsia is an upper gi disorder.
IBS is a functional disorder with d or c or c/d and PAIN.
There is also CFAP or Chronic functional abdominal pain. Which does not have c or d or d/c.
TREATMENT
Chronic Functional Abdominal Pain
http://www.aboutibs.org/publications/CFAPTreatment.html
KIds GI Health
Functional abdominal pain: How can it be treated?
"Question from a 13-year-old in Oregon -- I have had stomach pains for over one year that make it hard for me to do anything. I have recurring abdominal pain syndrome. My doctor said there is nothing wrong with me and nothing he can do to treat me. Do you have any suggestions?
Answer -- We assume that you have been seen by a physician who gave you the diagnosis of "recurring abdominal pain syndrome," (functional recurrent abdominal pain).
Tests are done to look for the presence of disease as the cause of symptoms. If the tests find no evidence of disease, the symptoms are termed "functional." Diagnosis of this functional gastrointestinal disorder is based on the symptoms, after ruling out the presence of disease or tissue damage. These symptoms are defined as abdominal pain severe enough to disrupt routine activities three or more times during a three-month period. Studies show that it is pretty common, affecting 10%-15% of school-aged kids.
So if it is not a disease that is causing these symptoms (you are not sick and that is good news), what is causing it? The answer is not entirely clear. Ongoing research is looking for the explanation.
Recent studies point to an increased sensitivity of the sensory nerves in the intestines. Normal movements of your intestines may be perceived as cramps or other discomfort.
The intestines share nerve pathways with the brain. In many situations, when the brain reacts to something -- like the sound of a dentist's drill -- the intestines, or gut, pick up the same signals and react.
The majority of people will ultimately have some kind of gastrointestinal (GI) symptom when exposed to stressful situations. If your GI system is a bit too reactive, you will experience symptoms in more types of stressful situations than someone else will whose gut is not quite as reactive. What is stressful for one person may not be stressful to another, and lots of people don't even realize it when they get stressed -- they just feel sick.
Finally, there is the "gate theory" of how pain is experienced. When pain originates at some point, nerve messages pass through something like a gate on their way to the brain. The wider open the gate is, the more pain that is experienced. By thinking about and focusing on the pain site, we open the gate. Plus, feelings of anger or worry or sadness can open the gate.
However, we can also help close the gate. Turning attention away from the site or feeling of pain, through relaxation or focusing on some other activity, can help close the gate and lessen or even eliminate pain.
A well-known phenomenon that demonstrates this is that of the athlete who plays a game while injured, oblivious to the pain. The athlete is completely focused on the game and does not feel pain. Then, after the game is over, the athlete turns attention to the injury and feels pain.
Whatever the cause, you can do something about it! It takes some effort but there a number of ways that you can help yourself.
First, think about this example. Have you ever experienced a muscle cramp or a side-ache during strenuous running or exercise? You feel real pain in muscles that are not diseased. But they have been stressed beyond some point that in you causes discomfort. What do you do to avoid it in the future? You might think about what you were doing that resulted in the muscle pain. Maybe next time you do more warm-up exercises, or start out slower, or don't run as far.
The first time you felt a side-ache, you might have felt concerned and stopped running. After you learned that it was nothing to be concerned about, you may have barely taken notice the next time it happened, perhaps slowed down a bit, but then kept right on going.
This is the same type of thing that happens with functional recurrent abdominal pain. Your intestinal muscles may be causing you to feel pain. To get it under control, try this:
1) While the pain you feel is very real, do not worry that you are sick. You are not. Your body is reacting to events in a way that is causing you discomfort but is not cause for alarm.
2) Try to figure out if your symptoms are connected with anything else that may be triggering them. Do symptoms flare at certain times, before certain events, on weekdays, on weekends, etc? If you can identify triggering factors (like certain foods or activities) you can try to avoid them, or if that is not possible, try to deal with them in different ways.
3) Are you missing school because of this? Worry over missing school can make symptoms worse. Try to keep going.
4) Are you doing too much-school plus lots of outside activities? If so, take some time off to relax. Too much of anything can be stressful.
5) The next time you feel the pain, don't let it stop you. Keep on going. Practice focusing your thoughts on what it is you want to do next and then go ahead and do it. Don't let pain take your awareness hostage. "
http://www.aboutkidsgi.org/questionsandanswers.html#fap
Chronic Functional Abdominal Pain
By: Douglas A. Drossman, M.D.
http://www.aboutibs.org/publications/CFAP.html
NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Childhood abdominal pain is a common complaint, and it may progress to adult irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in some cases, according to a study in the American Journal of Gastroenterology.
IBS is marked by bloating, pain, constipation and diarrhea, and often doesn't seem to have a direct physical cause -- although the symptoms are certainly real.
"The natural history of childhood abdominal pain and its association with adult IBS remain poorly described," Dr. Nicholas J. Talley, of the Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, and colleagues note in their report.
To investigate, they assessed the characteristics of childhood abdominal pain over the first 11 years of life in some 1,000 children born in Dunedin, New Zealand in 1972, and examined the association of childhood abdominal pain with IBS at when the participants reached 26 years of age.
A history of abdominal pain was documented in 18 percent of the children.
Childhood abdominal pain was more common in females than in males. The prevalence of abdominal pain peaked at age 7 to 9 years among boys, but it remained stable across assessments for females.
IBS at age 26 years was about 2 or 3 times more common among subjects with a history of childhood abdominal pain between the ages of 7 and 9 years compared to those with no history.
Factoring in gender, socioeconomic status, psychiatric disorder at age 26, childhood emotional distress, or maternal malaise did not alter this association.
"The emergence of multiple stressors in the home and school environment may present a plausible mechanism to account for these findings," Talley's team suggests.
As they point out, "The 7 to 9 year age-period follows closely from the school starting age in many cultures, and children who are predisposed to stress-related disorders may be at particular risk of developing symptomatic complaints at this point."
SOURCE: American Journal of Gastroenterology, September 2005.
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